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The artistry of the human body is incredible.  All cells play a role in our well being.  How can we best utilize these cells?
A Total Biologic Stem Cell doctor will  utilize cells harvested from bone marrow and/or adipose.  This type of autologous stem cell therapy offers the patient a stem cell treatment plan best suited for their injury or disease.  

Throughout the world, scientists are trying to uncover the mystery of the cell as industry develops new technologies to obtain bone marrow stem cells.
Stem Cell Therapy is growing across the globe.  Pioneers in research and in the clinic are developing new biologic treatments for many types of diseases and injury.  The video trailer above examines this in the documentary "Stem Cell Revolutions"  Entire documentary is available on Amazon Video.  Click Here to learn more about these scientists.
More and More studies are done on Stem Cell effectiveness
Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivered via
Intra-Articular Injection to the Knee Following
Partial Medial Meniscectomy
C. Thomas Vangsness Jr., MD, Jack Farr II, MD, Joel Boyd, MD, David T. Dellaero, MD, C. Randal Mills, PhD,
and Michelle LeRoux-Williams, PhD
Investigation performed at the University of Southern California Orthopaedic Surgery Associates, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, Unlimited Research, San Antonio, Texas, Triangle Orthopaedic Associates, Durham, North Carolina, Orthopaedic Center of Vero Beach, Vero Beach, Florida, OrthoIndy, Indianapolis, Indiana, TRIA Orthopaedic Center, Bloomington Minnesota, and Greater Chesapeake Orthopaedic Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
Background: There are limited treatment options for tissue restoration and the prevention of degenerative changes 
in the knee. Stem cells have been a focus of intense preclinical research into tissue regeneration but limited clinical
investigation. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled study, the safety of the intra-articular injection of human mesenchymal
stem cells into the knee, the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to promote meniscus regeneration following
partial meniscectomy, and the effects of mesenchymal stem cells on osteoarthritic changes in the knee were investigated.

Methods: A total of fifty-five patients at seven institutions underwent a partial medial meniscectomy. A single superolateral
knee injection was given within seven to ten days after the meniscectomy. Patients were randomized to one of three
treatment groups: Group A, in which patients received an injection of 50 · 106 allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells;
Group B, 150 · 106 allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells; and the control group, a sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid/
hyaluronan) vehicle control. Patients were followed to evaluate safety, meniscus regeneration, the overall condition of
the knee joint, and clinical outcomes at intervals through two years. Evaluations included sequential magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI).

Results: No ectopic tissue formation or clinically important safety issues were identified. There was significantly increased
meniscal volume (defined a priori as a 15% threshold) determined by quantitativeMRI in 24%of patients in Group A and 6% in
Group B at twelve months post meniscectomy (p = 0.022). No patients in the control group met the 15% threshold for
increased meniscal volume. Patients with osteoarthritic changes who received mesenchymal stem cells experienced a
significant reduction in pain compared with those who received the control, on the basis of visual analog scale assessments.
Conclusions: There was evidence of meniscus regeneration and improvement in knee pain following treatment with
allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells. These results support the study of human mesenchymal stem cells for the
apparent knee-tissue regeneration and protective effects.s.
Stem Cells from Bone Marrow Aspirate
Concentrated Bone Marrow is designed to provide  significant concentrations of CFU-F, CD34+, and total nucleated cell counts. CD34+ are cell markers for hematopoietic stem cells. These are the primary multipotent cells that replenishes all blood cell types. These cells are crucial for the regenerative processes needed for active tissue repair. In addition to these cells are CFU-F, which are representative of mesenchymal stem cells.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including cartilage, bone and adipose cells. BMC provides therapeutic concentrations of these cell types which is the key to desirable patient outcomes.
Stem Cells from Adipose
Adipose is used in regenerative medicine procedures because mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from almost every tissue in the human body. The central connecting aspect to explain this fact is that all of these tissues are vascularized and that every blood vessel in the body has mesenchymal cells in abluminal locations. These perivascular cells can be summarily called Pericytes.
Adipose-Derived MSCs are being used therapeutically because they undergo homing to sites of inflammation or tissue injury and they secrete massive levels of bioactive agents that are both immunomodulatory and trophic.
Stem Cells History
Every second,  15 million blood cells expire and are replaced in the human body.  Stroma is a generic term for connective tissue found in and around almost all organs and tissues.  
MSCs are found as perivascular cells and, even in large vessels ,in the adventitia but, again, not in the generic connective tissue.   
To best understand the native, functional properties of MSCs, think PERICYTES.
According to Clinical Trials.gov, there are over 600 MSC Clinical Trials going on from 2005-2016.  Over 5,457 studies include the term "Stem Cells"






Stem Cell therapy for treatment of orthopedic conditions is growing
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Osteoarthritis of the Hip
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Osteoarthritis of the Knee
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Overuse Injuries to Elbow
Stem Cells found in Bone Marrow
Bone Marrow harbors many regenerative medicine cells.  
  •  CFU-F: Immediate delivery of these colony forming units
  •  TNC:  Total Nucleated Cell count
  •  Easy Access: Locations in the hip bone harbor millions of cells
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Bone marrow cells reside deep inside bone cavities in the most protected part of the body and are redundant throughout the organism. This preferential status reflects the primary role these cells play in the survival of the organism. Tissue repair is a dynamic self-organizing process that relies on cell mobility and growth factor production from cells within a biologic scaffold. Platelets and Cells from Peripheral Blood Initiate the Inflammatory Process of the Healing Cascade and release cytokines to cause marrow cells to mobilize and home to the injury site (vasculogenesis). Marrow stem cell and marrow complimentary cell mediated vasculogenesis and cell-to-cell contact with immune system stem cells transition the Healing Cascade from the inflammatory phase to the proliferation and remodeling phase.

Concentrated Bone Marrow is designed to provide significant concentrations of CFU-F, CD34+, and total nucleated cell counts. CD34+ are cell markers for hematopoietic stem cells. These are the primary multipotent cells that replenishes all blood cell types. These cells are crucial for the regenerative processes needed for active tissue repair. In addition to these cells are CFU-F, which are representative of mesenchymal stem cells.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including cartilage, bone and adipose cells. BMC provides therapeutic concentrations of these cell types which is the key to desirable patient outcomes.

Optimal technique for minimizing peripheral blood with a traditional aspiration needle is to perform a single small volume pull (2 mL) from the distance most proximal from the entry of the needle. Larger volumes of bone marrow aspirate contain higher amounts of peripheral blood because the cannula is open ended and because traditional needles do not have a mechanical means for precise relocation. Aspirating after retracting the needle exacerbates the problem of peripheral blood contamination by exposing the open ended cannula to the resulting channel that is created by the needle itself and that is filled with peripheral blood. 

 
These results confirmed that strict adherence to a specific collection procedure, involving small volume marrow aspirations and multiple puncture sites, results in a product with a high number of early hematopoietic progenitor cells and minimal contamination by peripheral blood. 
Spitzer et al “The impact of harvest center on quality of marrows collected from unrelated donors.” J Hematother. 1994 Spring;3(1):65- 70. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114. 

The data shows that as the aspiration volume increases from any one given site, the concentration of bone marrow derived cells decreases quickly and the fraction of the sample composed of peripheral blood increases. 
MUSCHLER G, et al “Aspiration to Obtain Osteoblast Progenitor Cells from Human Bone Marrow: The Influence of Aspiration Volume” The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery; VOL. 79-A, NO. 11. Cleveland Clinic 

This study shows that marrow harvesting by means of multiple small volume aspirations minimizes the dilution with peripheral blood and results in greater numbers of cells and hemopoietic progenitors. 
Bone marrow harvest for marrow transplantation: effect of multiple small (2 ml) or large (20 ml) aspirates. Bacigalupo A et al; Bone Marrow Transplantation. [1992, 9(6):467-470] 

Aspirates of bone marrow demonstrated greater concentrations of mesenchymal stem cells with a 10-ml syringe compared with matched controls using a 50-ml syringe. 
 Int Orthop 2013 Nov;37 (11): 2279-87 Benefits of small volume and small syringe for bone marrow aspirations of mesenchymal stem cells Hernigou. P et al 

A larger-volume of aspirate from a given site is contraindicated with the additional volume contributing little to the overall number of bone-marrow cells and results principally in unnecessary blood loss. 
 MUSCHLER G, et al “Aspiration to Obtain Osteoblast Progenitor Cells from Human Bone Marrow: The Influence of Aspiration Volume” The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery; VOL. 79-A, NO. 11 Cleveland Clinic



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